Sails is a section is devoted to presenting questions for discussion and debate on the nature and possibilities of haiku.
. . . 12th Sailing . . .
BY Peter Yovu
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Can you make just one line dance?
close to someone in the stars white seeps inward
—Marlene Mountain
moon almost new we pass through the construction of unseen walls
—Chris Gordon
their wings like cellophane remember cellophane
—Lorin Ford
In his Montage for the week of May 3, 2009 (and also as Gallery Three in Montage: The Book), Allan Burns writes:
“English-language haiku tend to be written in three lines, corresponding to the metrical division of Japanese haiku, but Japanese haiku are actually usually printed in a single vertical column. By way of analogy with this form, poets such as Matsuo Allard and Marlene Mountain began writing English haiku in a single horizontal line—and thanks to their efforts that form has become established in English as the major alternative to the typical three-liner”.
To get to the heart of things, what does this alternative offer? What can a one-line haiku do that a 2, or 3, or 4 line haiku cannot? For you, does working with (or curiosity about) one-liners come, as Allan suggests, “by way of analogy” with the Japanese form, as a kind of natural extension of it? Do you look outside that tradition, to Western poets like Apollinaire and others, who explored the one-line poem from a different perspective? Or both?
Emily Dickinson, frequently admired on troutswirl, wrote:
I dwell in Possibility—
A fairer House than Prose—
A one-line haiku might resemble a line of prose, but it does decidedly different things. What are its possibilities? Can we dwell there a while?
*******
For an ongoing discussion about looking beyond Japanese traditions for inspiration and information, please see POSITION 1.
And for more information, especially about the history of one-line haiku, and its possibilities, here are three places worth checking out:
From One-line Poems to One-line Haiku by William J. Higginson
from the mountain/backward by Marlene Mountain
The Way of One by Jim Kacian (inside Roadrunner X:2)
And also, not to be forgotten, four important print sources on translating Japanese haiku (and tanka) into one line, by Hiroaki Sato:
Chapter 6 (“Translating Hokku, Haiku, and Renga”) of One Hundred Frogs: From Renga to Haiku to English (Tokyo and New York: Weatherhill, 1983)
“Lineation of Tanka in English Translation” in Monumenta Nipponica (Summer 1987)
“The Haiku Form Revisited, with a Thought on Alternatives for Kigo” (Haiku Society of America Newsletter, August 1990)
“On Translating Haiku in One Line” in Right under the big sky, I don’t wear a hat (The Haiku and Prose of Hōsai Ozaki), p 21-22 (Stone Bridge Press, 1993)
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Sails
- 1st Sailing
- 2nd Sailing
- 3rd Sailing
- 4th Sailing
- 5th Sailing
- 6th Sailing
- 7th Sailing
- 8th Sailing
- 9th Sailing
- 10th Sailing
- 11th Sailing
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Thanks, Lorin, for showing the original context of your “cellophane” one-liner. It’s interesting to see how the fragment allows for, or least enhances, the reading which (for me) makes it most effective: the “impossible” possibility that “their wings … remember…” The way in which you found a potential haiku within a longer poem is an example of how beneficial it can be (for haiku) to remain open to variety of possibilities in writing: of letting “form follow function” (as Charles put it in this thread a little while ago) then finding what works or seems interesting to present as haiku.
Good to hear you found my comment on working “within” haiku smilingly provocative! I do not, of course, mean to criticize poets’ choosing (like yourself) to work experimentally “within” haiku, having explored poetry more broadly and perhaps found that haiku is what they do best; or as a way “in” to poetry. (I’m using the word “experiment” here in the sense of seeing what happens under certain conditions or within certain parameters; not to suggest that the experimenter doesn’t know what s/he’s doing!).
well, the spacings didn’t work out.
“Which may also mean (I would add) that the would-be haiku ends up best as something else.Obviously enough, perhaps, but it is tempting, in specialist venues such as this, to speak as though haiku were a mode of writing to work entirely “within”, rather than one to move into or out from as, with each poem, seems fitting.” – Philip
hmmm
provocative, Philip , but interesting.
I’ll be completely transparent here (as is my wont, come hell or high water, and sometimes both do come). Though I’m now so interested in haiku that I’m concentrating on (what I consider to be) haiku entirely these days, there *is* of course an overlap, since I consider haiku to be poetry. My one-line ku in Peter’s ’12th Sailing’, above, which I submitted to ‘Roadrunner’, also forms part of a ‘long ‘ poem, which is also published (though published later than the ku in Roadrunner). I thought it might ‘stand alone’ as a ku. I was actually deliberately testing the boundaries, trying to learn, attempting to gain an understanding of what might be considered to be ‘gendai haiku’ or that misty border between what is considered to be haiku/almost haiku ‘at the edges’.
In the interest of transparency, and I hope in relation to Philip’s posts ( and will the …essential… spacings work out?):
*Lamentation at 45 °C*
we dreamt wheat-fields compressed within thunderheads
bruised indigo
prayer kites aloft on an old promise our rain focused
hope inbreeding
resurgent creeks deep as the blood beat along believed
channels awash
despite forecasts there’s the mustard seed parable but
shakti shakti
where tree-ferns were such wet dreams fade we fail these
cropless seasons
in grief for lost bees once one year’s weeds made seven year’s
seeds an antique
adage now that clouds have gone and given up on dragonflies
damselflies wasps
their wings like cellophane remember cellophane before
PlakkiRap Kleer
and these the coral reef the coral trout the coral lipstick
model famous
in her day in her day-glo lime bikini against this wide
blue ache of sky
i recite the water cycle backward pride in my expert mind
remember rain
Lorin Ford (c) first published ‘Going Down Swinging’ #28, 2009
- written in 2008 *before* we had actually did have days with temperatures of 45 degrees C here in February of 2009, and the bushfires.
Speaking of pushing the boundaries, I wonder whether there’s any one-line haiku longer than these (from John Ashbery’s collection A Wave, 1981; each one-liner coming at the end of a haibun):
The subtracted sun, all I’m going by here, with the boy, this new maneuver is less than the letter in the wind
Striped hair, inquisitive gloves, a face, some woman named Ernestine Throckmorton, white opera glasses and more
Interesting to note that Ashbery’s appropriation of haiku and haibun was inspired by his reading of Hiroaki Sato’s translations of Basho in From the Country of Eight Islands. Interesting also that Ashbery had earlier “approximated the concise form” (John Shoptaw) in ‘The Skaters’ IV, from the collection Rivers and Mountains, 1966. (Shoptaw, in his book on Ashbery’s poetry, describes haiku as “the verse equivalent of macramé in America’s 1960s.”) Here are some haiku-like stanzas (proto-E-L haiku, owing much also to Stevens and Stein?) from “The Skaters”, part IV:
The wind thrashes the maple seed-pods,
The whole brilliant mass comes spattering down.
…
An earlier litigation: wind hard in the tops
Of the baggy eucalyptus branches.
…
The day was gloves.
…
The train is still sitting in the station.
You only dreamed it was in motion.
…
The “second position”
Comes in the seventeenth year
Watching the meaningless gyrations of flies above a sill.
…
Heads in hands, waterfall of simplicity.
The delta of living into everything.
Lorin wrote: “My view is that one-line, three-line, two-line (& yes, even four-line) haiku work differently, and that we have the choice of rendering any particular haiku in the form that seems to us (as writers) to suit it best.” Which may also mean (I would add) that the would-be haiku ends up best as something else. Obviously enough, perhaps, but it is tempting, in specialist venues such as this, to speak as though haiku were a mode of writing to work entirely “within”, rather than one to move into or out from as, with each poem, seems fitting. To work exclusively within haiku (at least for poets writing in languages other than Japanese) does seem limiting.
I remember reading somewhere that a “one-line stanza” seems a contradiction in terms, and the same could be said of a one-line poem – pushing the boundaries of verse and prose. This, I think, is why, as Carmen put it, one-line haiku in English often seem to “have an edge”; and as an approach to exploring the potential of the one-line poem, the one-liner is surely one of the most interesting things that haiku has to offer.
yikes… my glasses are broken & I’m using cheap magnifiers in the meantime. Sorry, it’s
wind blows a glimpse of ducklings through the reeds
Janice M. Bostok
My view is that one-line, three-line, two-line (& yes, even four-line) haiku work differently, and that we have the choice of rendering any particular haiku in the form that seems to us (as writers) to suit it best. Blame my early reading (long before I even heard of haiku) on Denise Levertov.
I think it’s fair enough to say that three-line haiku is the ‘default’ form in ELH and that a haiku that could be rendered just as well or better in three-line form is better presented that way.
Also (& I know this won’t be popular) that a haiku that the writer considers best presented in 5-7-5 form should be presented *that* way, despite fashion.
We have alternatives!
We are not bound. The pauses that can be subtly emphasized by line breaks are as useful as the blurring speed at which one-line haiku is read. It depends on what we hope to convey.
Janice M. Bostok, the pioneering haiku poet in Australia who understood how Marlene Mountains haiku worked, wrote many one-line haiku, as well as three-line haiku.
From memory, a favourite one-liner:
wind blows a glimpse of duckings through the reeds
- Janice M. Bostok
I’d like to share this quote from a paper given by Martin Lucas (UK) at the 4th Haiku Pacific Rim Conference in Australia last year. His topic was the “poetic spell”.
“Even greater fluidity, ambiguity and reflectivity are made possible by the single unpunctuated line … The one-liner has great potential for authority, inevitability and ineffability. It heightens both ambiguity and immediacy, and seems more tolerant of effects that are in essence poetic rather than prosaic, without any sacrifice of the haiku ideal of image-based understatement.”
Two of the one-liners he cited were:
my sister skating here comes her yellow hat
- frances angela
sharpening this night of stars distant dogs
- Stuart Quine
Yes, Peter, let’s “dwell a while” on one-line haiku.
Since I began writing haiku in Japan, not America, I have never felt that one-line haiku are something daring because in glossy haiku magazines or journals (in Japan), haiku are often written in one vertical line to save space, whereas haiku written in calligraphy presents three vertical lines.
In my preparation for my columns in the North American Post and Essences, I have been in touch with Anita Virgil. She told me that Harold Henderson gave a group of the NY haiku poets an assignment to write one-liners in 1971. Here’s Anita’s:
twilight blue & pale green leaves everywhere scent of watermelons
I’ve always enjoyed reading marlene mountain’s and jim kacian’s one-line haiku as well as others who often use that style. I wonder if some journal editors only accept a sprinkling of them. As far as the heron’s nest, none are accepted, probably to keep the unity of the text. In EL haiku, it often seems that haiku written in one-line have a bit of an edge.
Most of those I have written have been rejected by journals. However, Presence has published one:
faded freight cars the bloated letters of fresh graffiti
Presence #23
What is interesting about one-line haiku is the way the form better opens up other readings, other tangents. For example in Chris Gordon’s poem:
moon almost new we pass through the…
If I were to restack this as a multi-line poem, where do I break the beginning? Is the moon almost new, or are we?
moon almost new
we pass through…
Or
moon
almost new we pass…
However, while these readings are interesting, I do not like the stumble I make with illogical readings such as in Marlene’s:
close to someone in the stars white seeps…
“someone in the stars white seeps…” doesn’t make grammatical sense and kicks me out of the poem. So I am one who really wants a space break between the parts of the poem, which is how I recall many early practitioners of the form did it. I believe I will still be able to get those tangential readings I enjoy, and which it seems to me really are the point of the one-liner, but not at the expense of a first pass normal reading.
Paul
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