12th Sailing: one-line haiku

by Scott Metz on July 28, 2010

Sails is a section is devoted to presenting questions for discussion and debate on the nature and possibilities of haiku.



. . . 12th Sailing . . .

BY Peter Yovu

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Can you make just one line dance?


close to someone in the stars white seeps inward

Marlene Mountain


moon almost new we pass through the construction of unseen walls

Chris Gordon


their wings like cellophane remember cellophane

Lorin Ford


In his Montage for the week of May 3, 2009 (and also as Gallery Three in Montage: The Book), Allan Burns writes:

“English-language haiku tend to be written in three lines, corresponding to the metrical division of Japanese haiku, but Japanese haiku are actually usually printed in a single vertical column. By way of analogy with this form, poets such as Matsuo Allard and Marlene Mountain began writing English haiku in a single horizontal line—and thanks to their efforts that form has become established in English as the major alternative to the typical three-liner”.

To get to the heart of things, what does this alternative offer? What can a one-line haiku do that a 2, or 3, or 4 line haiku cannot? For you, does working with (or curiosity about) one-liners come, as Allan suggests, “by way of analogy” with the Japanese form, as a kind of natural extension of it? Do you look outside that tradition, to Western poets like Apollinaire and others, who explored the one-line poem from a different perspective? Or both?

Emily Dickinson, frequently admired on troutswirl, wrote:

I dwell in Possibility—
A fairer House than Prose—

A one-line haiku might resemble a line of prose, but it does decidedly different things. What are its possibilities? Can we dwell there a while?


*******


For an ongoing discussion about looking beyond Japanese traditions for inspiration and information, please see POSITION 1.

And for more information, especially about the history of one-line haiku, and its possibilities, here are three places worth checking out:

From One-line Poems to One-line Haiku
 by 
William J. Higginson

from the mountain/backward by Marlene Mountain

The Way of One by Jim Kacian (inside Roadrunner X:2)


And also, not to be forgotten, four important print sources on translating Japanese haiku (and tanka) into one line, by Hiroaki Sato:

Chapter 6 (“Translating Hokku, Haiku, and Renga”) of One Hundred Frogs: From Renga to Haiku to English (Tokyo and New York: Weatherhill, 1983)

“Lineation of Tanka in English Translation” in Monumenta Nipponica (Summer 1987)

“The Haiku Form Revisited, with a Thought on Alternatives for Kigo” (Haiku Society of America Newsletter, August 1990)

“On Translating Haiku in One Line” in Right under the big sky, I don’t wear a hat (The Haiku and Prose of Hōsai Ozaki), p 21-22 (Stone Bridge Press, 1993)


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Sails

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{ 47 comments }

Chris Patchel August 15, 2010 at 2:56 pm

To answer Adams question, I don’t know what I can add to the explorations and explanations of the essays above, for instance, and other discussions of the form.

I appreciated Peter’s commentary on Scott’s “trees.” He also mentioned something about ‘all-at-once’ which reminded me of the “one-line–one-thought” and “speedrush” categories Jim Kacian described in The Way of One. I once described it for myself as an all-in-one quality, where the layers, shifts, bumps, ambiguities or what have you, all happen simultaneously to create a sort of subtle ecstasy. But of course such attempts at explanation make poor substitutes for the experience of it, which either works or doesn’t with individual poems for individual readers.

I’ll also note that I like the example of Emily Romano’s fossilence, and other one-word compressions I’ve seen (but can’t now locate) which I find highly inventive while also doing what haiku do– give an “inspired presentation of two concrete images” for instance, as well as taking on some of qualities of one-line haiku.

Jack Galmitz August 15, 2010 at 1:54 pm

Well, then there’s also a reading that would interpret the poem as the trees are almost bare the narrator is moved by association to want to touch the “you,” who may be accompanying him.
Or, a couple is walking amongst trees and the you is almost bare, barely clothed and the narrator is drawn to touch him/her.
But, I don’t see how the format affects this; the nuances would be there just as well in 3 lines.
I don’t think one-line haiku create more ambiguity than three-line haiku; it is a matter of how well the poem is lineated.

Peter Yovu August 15, 2010 at 12:29 pm

I appreciate Adam’s prompt. (Very different from Eve’s). As presenter of these Sailings, I guess I see my role to some extent as moderator as well, stepping in when things “stall”. But I also feel that anyone can play that role, and appreciate it when it happens.

For me, what many one line poems seem to do, actually, is *undermine* the sense of the concrete. Perhaps the chief means here is ambiguity, a multiple presentation of meanings. The excitement of it is in the play of control and loss of control—at least on the conscious level. That is, in such a poem meanings may emerge which the writer was unconscious of, didn’t intend, and maybe didn’t want. Two and three line poems can do this as well, of course, but I think the one-liner brings this possibility to the fore, maybe because it messes with the expectation that what we are reading is something akin to a sentence which will follow certain rules. Most sentences don’t have the speed bumps and sudden lane-shifts that a one-line haiku (or derivative) often does. A 2 or 3 line poem often provides them for the reader, and may do so skillfully.

Perception, I’ll tentatively assert, is all-at-once, multiple, and layered. To make sense of something, I suppose, requires that we do a kind of choosing of what is important, significant, or has meaning. A road has meaning: it takes us where we wish to go. It’s important to know what to expect, and to concentrate on it, and especially important not to text your little poems to your friends as you drive. Concentrate as we may and must, there’s a lot more going on than the road, as anyone who has closed his/her eyes to sleep after a long drive can testify—for me, I can be flooded with a dizzying slide-show of images, not all related to the journey I took—a kind of discharge of the nervous system, I suppose, which for so long was forced to a narrow vision.

A one line poem can be the road, the car, the passengers, the dead armadillo, the inner fleeting associations and feelings, and the sky. All at once.

Here’s a quite simple poem by Scott Metz:

trees almost bare touching you

A first reading may follow the logic of sentence structure, and fill in the gaps:

(The) trees (are) almost bare(,) touching you (as you walk by).

Another sense, harder to translate into sentence-language, might be:

There is something about the fact that there are only a few leaves remaining on the trees, leaves which must eventually fall, which touches your heart.

But there is another level, another layer, which is yet harder to translate because it is more felt than thought, but which has something to do with feeling, in one’s very being, almost bare in the presence of things which touch us. There is an all-at-onceness to experiencing the almost bare trees and feeling oneself as almost bare.

Other layers are likely, but I’ll stop here as I don’t wish to overburden the system. I’ll just add that I don’t think Scott’s poem would be as rich in any other form.

Alan Summers August 15, 2010 at 9:09 am

Hi Adam,

Subscribe to haikaitalk: http://www.geraldengland.co.uk/hk/hktalk.htm

It’s the main posting site for excellent one line haiku, with contributions by Marlene Mountain who’s terrific at the form!

This discussion site was led for years by Gerald England who had to step down recently, although he’s still involved. It’s now run by the equally friendly and informative Norman Darlington.

Hope to see you on that site.

I have no idea why the other site hasn’t garnered more comments. One line and one liner haiku are excellent companions to the more recognised three line haiku.

all my best,

Alan
With Words

Adam Traynor August 15, 2010 at 8:15 am

I’m a bit curious as to why, after only 4 days, the latest Quicksilver has garnered 34 posts (and seems to have momentum), while this Sailing, after 19 days, has 35– only one more– and seems to have stalled. I’m glad there is so much discussion on season words– i’m learning, if only my own response to the subject. But why so little response to the subject of one-line haiku? Is it because it is somewhat new, maybe even risky– the territory of the avant garde, as practiced by Metz, Gordon, Mountain and others?

As always, my lack of consistent access to a computer makes it hard for me to be a consistent contributor to this blog, but I look forward to any thoughts about this. In the meantimes, I’ll think about one-line haiku– study a bit– and hope to come back later. Maybe with thoughts about season words too.

Thanks, everyone, for the discussions–

Tray

Charles Trumbull August 14, 2010 at 8:20 pm

Catching up with the interesting discussion of haiku and concrete poems …

Yes, Chris. I write some “concrete haiku” too! They’re fun. But please don’t follow what I do, but what I say!

Sandra, thanks for calling attention to David’s Lanoue’s statement, which is certainly true. I did not mean to say that all one-line haiku are concrete, only that the two used as examples both had concrete elements in them.

Philip, no, I did not mean to say that those two haiku themselves were one giant step away from true haiku. Jim’s, especially, seems to be quite “kosher” in this regard–it always reminded me of Raymond Roseliep’s 1980 classic:

the space
between the deer
and the shot

though Margaret’s, which to my eye does rely on the formatting for some of its effect, probably is a little bigger step in a questionable direction. What do you all think of this other type of poem along these lines, the compressed poem, such as Nick Virgilo’s

fossilence

or Emily Romano’s

theatreviewiltstarlet

Haiku?

I’d reiterate: a little bit of fun is OK, but I still look at haiku first in terms of the inspired presentation of two concrete images.

Chris Patchel August 12, 2010 at 12:55 pm

I can’t find a haiku that came to mind (they are never were I was sure I first saw them) but there’s a space before the last line:

first line
then something

thuds

Which I found pleasantly effective, along with these by Patrick Sweeney and Charles Trumbull

three caws / to cross / the evening sky (with spaces instead of slashes)

rung
by
rung
sun
set

Chris Patchel August 12, 2010 at 12:34 pm

Sandra, concrete poetry can refer to anything from subtle visual allusions (though the fence post seems fairly overt to me) to full blown visual art. There’s a few examples of concrete haiku on this page:

http://www.freewebs.com/meganarkenberg/literarydevices.htm

I think even something like FOR SALE in a haiku would qualify.

sandra simpson August 12, 2010 at 7:13 am

“The fence post example certainly qualifies as concrete poetry,” Chris writes.

Does it? I wouldn’t have called it a concete poem and this opinion was reinforced after using the link you provide to examples of concrete poetry which are rather more elaborate than simply writing a haiku in a vertical form.

Margaret’s use of the vertical, I think, quietly supports the words, rather than overtly recreating a picture using typeface.

Now I’ve found this quote from David Lanoue:

“The more I read haiku, the more I am conviced that it is an art of step-by-step accumulation, as word builds on word into a single, resonant compound … Presented vertically, the haiku forces the reader to dwell, ever-so-briefly, on each word, each building step in the sequence toward full revelation. In my opinion, there is more of the freshness of the original in this arrangement than one finds in the usual three-line English format.” http://haikuguy.com/ctp.html

Which ties in pretty much with what I’m groping towards, and expressed much more elegantly! :)

Chris Patchel August 11, 2010 at 1:24 pm

Jumping in to answer Dafne’s question. The suggestion is being made that these are examples of “concrete poetry” which is about making pictures out of words (google images link below) as opposed to lineation, 3 lines or otherwise.

The fence post example certainly qualifies as concrete poetry. Though Jim’s ‘gunshot’ brings it to mind it’s also no different from any one line haiku.

I’ve done some concrete haiku myself (I’m a graphic designer after all) and I’ve seen pieces I like (e.g. John Stevenson’s jampackedelevatoreverybuttonpushed is quite fun) though I agree that visual cleverness is more often than not at odds with haiku.

http://www.google.com/images?hl=en&client=firefox-a&hs=6Da&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&q=%22Concrete%20poetry%22&um=1&ie=UTF-8&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi&biw=1303&bih=836

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